Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory condition which presents with deep, painful nodules or lumps under the skin. The painful nodules can rupture, leading to drainage of pus and blood. Over time, the painful nodules can connect, forming tunnels under the skin. The condition often results in scarring of the affected areas. Lesions typically occur in the axillae (armpits), groin region, or in the inframammary areas (folds under the breasts).
Topical retinoids are available in many over the counter skin care products as well as prescription strength medications. They work to treat a variety of skin care problems ranging from fine lines and wrinkles to acne breakouts and psoriasis. Common side effects of using topical retinoids include: dryness, scaling, peeling, irritation, redness, burning, stinging, itching, and sun sensitivity.
Hyperhidrosis is another name for excessive sweating. It is classified as either primary or secondary. Primary hyperhidrosis is usually inherited and begins in childhood or adolescence. The excessive sweating is typically symmetrical and localized to a specific area such as the armpits, palms, soles, and/or face. In contrast, secondary hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating caused by another medical condition or is a side effect of a medication.
A hypertrophic scar is a thickened, raised, oftentimes pink or red scar. Hypertrophic scars can be symptomatic - causing burning, itching, or discomfort. These thickened, raised scars are more likely to occur in areas where there is significant tension on a healing wound; examples include the back, chest, shoulder, elbows, or knees.
Impetigo is a common bacterial skin infection that typically affects young children. It is most often caused by a bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Affected individuals present with sores that break open leading to honey-colored crusts and scabs. Though lesions can be found anywhere, the face (around the nose and mouth) and extremities (hands and feet) are favored locations.
An infantile hemangioma is a kind of vascular tumor made up of blood vessels, commonly referred to as a “strawberry birthmark.” The vascular tumor can be superficial (growing on the skin surface), appearing as a bright red, bumpy, lesion. It can also be deep (growing under the skin), presenting as a bluish lump. These vascular birthmarks appear shortly after birth and then undergo a period of growth (known as the proliferative phase) typically lasting a few months.
Intense pulsed light therapy is a non-invasive, non-laser therapy that uses high intensity pulses of visible light to achieve skin rejuvenation. IPL delivers light energy which is converted into heat energy, resulting in damage to targeted cells in the skin. The damage also stimulates new collagen production. It is commonly used to treat and eliminate unwanted red spots (rosy cheeks, broken blood vessels on the face and legs), unwanted brown spots (age spots, freckles), fine lines and wrinkles, and unwanted hair.
Intertrigo is a common rash found in the folds of the skin. Common areas of involvement include the groin, in the folds of the abdomen, and under the breasts. Because of the friction, warmth, and moisture in the skin folds, the affected areas become red and raw. Symptoms can also include itching and burning. The affected areas can be predisposed to secondary infection with yeast, fungus, or bacteria.
Keloids are thick, firm, hard growths that occur as a result of excessive scar tissue formation. They differ from ordinary scars and hypertrophic scars in that the scar tissue extends and spreads beyond the original wound margin. Rarely, these growths can occur spontaneously, even without any preceding skin injury. Keloids are more common in darker skin tones including Latinos, Asians, and Blacks.
Keratosis pilaris is a common skin condition characterized by rough, bumpy skin most often found on the back of the arms, thighs, and cheeks. It is a common finding in those with dry and sensitive skin. It typically affects children and teenagers and can improve or resolve over time. The condition is harmless and does not necessitate treatment. If bothersome, the use of a good moisturizer and over-the-counter or prescription topical medications can help improve the condition.
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